What's in a Name? Part 2 - Surname Spelling Variations. Adult Dating: Friend or Foe - Your Sex Life and the Internet!.
Surname alterations occurred for many reasons. Perhaps there was a lack of concern for accuracy by either the writer or subject person; grammatical inability or name abbreviation by the writer (common during immigration procedures); difficulty understanding the given name (perhaps the writer was of a different nationality, and did not recognize the subject person's spoken words - a common error with census enumerators); simple ©cat' errors (the writer saw and repeated previously misspelled references). In the oldest records, the most common reason for surname variability was simply that it just wasn't very important. That may be a bit more difficult to understand in today's society, but years ago, literacy and grammar were not priorities - working, feeding the family, and just staying alive comprised the important events of the time.
My YAKEL surname is actually an "Americanized" variant on the original J�½CKEL and/or JECKEL spelling of my Germanic forefathers. Over the span of 350 years, the name has changed more than 50 times. While the number of name changes over this period may be somewhat surprising, in actuality, the pronunciation has changed very little. I have categorized these name variations mainly into three distinct groups: The "I-Type", "J-Type", and "Y-Type" names.
First, there are the "I-Type" names: ICKEL, IEKEL, IKEL. These surnames were used by parts of my family after they had emigrated to New York, and subsequently moved to Iowa in the 1860's. Later, when some of the relatives came full circle and moved back to New York, they maintained the IEKEL spelling. It continues to be spelled this way today.
Next, there are the "J-Type" names, which are closest to the Rheinish German original: JACELIN, JACKAL, JACKALL, JACKEL, JACKELIN, JACKELL, JACQUEL, JAECKEL, JAECHEL, JAECKLE, JAEGER, JAEGLE, JAEKEL, JAGEL, JAGER, JAKAL, JAKEL, JAKELL, JAYKILL, JECHELL, JECKEL, JECKELIN, JECKELL, JEKEL, JEKLE, JEYKILL, JOCKEL, JOECKEL, JOEKEL. When the family first came to America, they used the JACKEL, JECKEL and JEKEL spellings. When parts of the family moved west to Wisconsin in the 1860's, the spelling was modified slightly, to JAEKEL and JAECKEL. It remained that way through the 1980's, when the last parts of this family branch passed on.
Then, there are the "Y-Type" names: YACKEL, YACKLE, YAEGLE, YAEKEL, YAGAL, YAGEL, YAGER, YAGET, YAGLE, YAGLES, YAKEL, YAKIL, YAKLE, YEAGEL, YEAGLE, YEAKLE, YECKEL, YEKEL, YEOKLE, YICKEL, YICKLE, YOCKEL, YOGEL, YOGLE, YOKEL, YORKEL, YORKELL, YORKLE. The Albany, NY families, of which I am a part, used many of these surname variants. In the early 1870's, the YAKEL spelling took prominence, and all other variants were discarded. Presumably, it was at this time that our family decided that a consistent surname was in its best interest. This spelling continues as the sole surname for my family in the New York Capital region.
So, why all of the odd spellings in my family name? The similarities between all three types of spellings are no coincidence. The German letter "J" is pronounced like the English letter "Y". Hence, a person asking one of my ancestor's what their name was, would hear the "J-type" name with a "Y-type" sound. If the person hearing the name was not German, or had no understanding of the German language, they would then interpret this "Y" sound as a "Y-type" word, and write it down that way. This led to the variety of "Y-Type" spellings over the years. On the other hand, someone with knowledge
of the German dialect would be more apt to write the name down &more correctly' with a "J-type" spelling, or perhaps an "I-Type" spelling, since the letter "I" could also be used interchangeably with the letter "J".Census enumerators, priests, doctors, lawyers, schoolteachers, tax collectors, and any other persons with need to write down your family name probably had some input in how it was written, and ultimately, contributed to the surname you now proudly advertise to the world. The name you use now may only be a remnant of your forebears'. However, if you know something about the ethnic background of your family, it may be possible to determine the original surname spelling. Perhaps in another two hundred years, your family name will have changed yet again, leaving your descendants to wonder how their name came to be. Why not make it a little easier, and leave them with some history of your surname. They'll be happy you did!
Best of luck as you trace your history!
This is the second article, "Surname Spelling Variations", in the 3-part series, "
What's in a Name?" by Joseph Yakel. Please visit Ezine@rticles at http://www.ezinearticles.com for the other parts of the series: Part 1 - Surname Meanings", and Part 3 - "Surname Landmarking".
These articles are intended to provide some general knowledge about genealogy, tracing family history, and introduce the reader to issues involving surname spelling variations and how they can be addressed through the research process.
Joseph Yakel is a freelance writer and author of three books. His articles have appeared in publications such as Communications Technology, The Pipeline, and Army Reserve Magazine, and have been highlighted on USAWOA Online, USAR Online, and other Internet websites. For great humor, or genealogy and family history resources, visit his bookstore at http://www.lulu.com/yakel
Joe offers free chapter previews of his books, and welcomes reviews and comments. His books are available in paperback, or downloadable format. For previews and purchasing information, visit Lulu Publishing at: http://www.lulu.com/yakel
Joseph Yakel is available for interviews, and accepts e-mail correspondence at armeuv1@yahoo.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/
There was a time when finding a date, partner, lover or playmate online was frowned upon. It was for people who couldn't get a date any other way! Oh how things have changed...not only can you sign up to a site listing thousands of singles who match your height, size, location and taste in food...now you can choose your sex partners too.
Finding people on the net can be an isolating/sole activity but, once you've taken that deep breath and shrugged off the stigma attached to female sexual freedom, life can get very interesting!
Take the fetish scene; it's out there, sites for introduction or information, clubs for fun, support or full on parties, yearly events and awards, shops for all those outfits and toys to assist in your wildest fantasies. Whether you're into sexy undies, the power of domination or having your feet licked...it's yours for the taking. It's time to turn your man over and tell him how u like it...or come out to the world and grab the girl with the dog collar and lead her straight to your bedroom, love nest or dungeon!
So, where do you start what's the ethics, is it safe, what's the terminology?
Start at the beginning.
What are you looking for?
�½ Straight sex
�½ A specific fetish
�½ Are you curious about them all
�½ Do you want information before deciding
�½ Do you want to meet in the flesh or chat online?
Be clear in your own head what you want, don't go at someone else's pace, set your own and only go as far and as fast as you want to.
Once you've found a site that interests you take advantage of the free trial offers. Use this time to send as many mails to other members as you can, the more you mail out the more will come back. Chat with lots of people not just the one person. And remember it's cool for women to make the first contact too!
Fill out your personal details. This is your opportunity to sell yourself. Tell people who you are, what you like, what you're looking for. If it's your first time or if you're new to the scene just say so. The members are into an alternative lifestyle; they're not an alien life form. And above all, be honest!
Put a picture on your profile. Make sure it's of you and only you! Not your favourite pet or you and your ex! And make sure it's an up to date one...nothing worse than when you get to meet someone and they look about 10 years older than the picture you've been dreaming over!
Don't feel obliged to answer every contact. Just because it's a site about sex doesn't mean anyone can say anything to you and you have to accept it. No matter what type of site or relationship the overriding word is &consensual'. If you're not interested then don't reply. You wouldn't accept a drink, dance or advance from just anyone in a club and the same applies to introduction sites.
If there's something on a persons profile that you don't understand take a deep breath and ask then or look in the sites glossary. Or if you're just too shy for that do a search on the Internet!
Use the safety of the site to get to know the people you come in contact with before meeting them in person. If you do agree to meet in person meet in a public place and drive yourself.
Is it a scam I hear you ask?
No, there are thousands of people out there looking to make new friends, find romance, find a sex partner that match their hopes, dreams and fantasies and it costs less per month than one night out on the town. And lets be honest, how often will you come across people from around the world that you can talk openly to from the moment you meet them about your inmost fantasies? Do remember though that online dating is a tool to help with what you are looking for but without your input it would be like sitting in the toilets at a party!
It doesn't matter what your age, size, hair colour or interests are. There are sites on the Internet to meet your need and budget. Whether it's music, fetish, sport, health or religion, there's a site for you. So what are you waiting for, get on there and have some fun.
Helen Smith
www.fetish-mate.com
Copyright © 2005 Helen Smith. This article is provided courtesy of www.fetish-mate.com. This article may be freely published on any website, as long as the links are live, and this notice is left intact.
Helen Smith is webmaster to two sites, http://www.fetish-mate.com and http://www.music-mate.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/
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